The solution cathode glow discharge (SCGD) is a compact atomization/excitation source sustained under ambient air using an aqueous solution as discharge cathode, offering limits of detection (LODs) for many elements in the periodic table within the mid to low ng/mL range when coupled to optical emission spectrometry (OES). Formic acid (HCOOH) is frequently included in the incoming solution as an additive

This brief revision compiles and reexamines the general strategy developed thus far for quantifying the elemental composition of solid materials using TXRF without employing acid chemical manipulation based on the previous suspension of the solid samples. This kind of analysis converts to the TXRF methodology in a green chemical analytical alternative with higher care for the environment and low analytical

The concentration of zinc sulfate in aqueous solution was measured by double-pulse (DP) laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). ZnSO4 is an essential chemical in the spin bath liquid used for industrial production of viscose fibers from cellulose. For DP-LIBS the ZnSO4 analyte was transferred from the water matrix to a solid cellulose matrix (commercial filtration paper). Various emission lines

Accurate detection of the Martian surface composition is crucial for exploring signs of life on Mars. Since the Curiosity rover landed on Mars in 2012, Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) has been extensively utilized for in-situ analysis of Martian surface materials. However, multivariate methods employed for the quantitative analysis of LIBS data face challenges, including low feature extraction

The deconvolution of Laser-Induced XUV Spectroscopy (LIXS) recombination signals for d-block transition and heavy metals, in hot and dense plasmas, was studied. Using a self-developed XUV spectrograph, ion stages of nickel (Ni) and gold (Au) under varying electron densities and plasma temperatures were investigated. The results revealed stabilization of specific ion species, with Ni favoring Ne-like

The design and demonstration of an optical analysis system based on wavelength modulation spectroscopy in an atomic beam for uranium isotope abundance determinations is presented. This system probes the uranium 5f36d7s2 (5L6) → 5f26d27s2 (5K5) transition at 861.031 nm, which is considered to be the most suitable transition for uranium isotopic analysis. A new laser characterization strategy was developed

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a practical technique for chemical imaging by analyzing elemental emissions. The utilization of long-pulsed lasers has been proven to enhance LIBS detection in water and air. However, the application of long-pulsed LIBS in imaging remains unexplored. In this study, we employed a laser with a pulse width of 100 ns for LIBS imaging to obtain elemental distribution

During energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) measurements of stainless steel, sum peaks originating from iron are frequently observed. Among these, the Fe Kα + Kβ sum peak overlaps with the U Lα peak, complicating the analysis of uranium contamination on stainless-steel surfaces. While secondary X-ray filters can mitigate such sum peaks, integrating them into commercially available portable

To detect metal impurities in the electrolyte of sodium-ion batteries (sodium hexafluorophosphate, NaPF6) and ensure the performance stability and safety of sodium-ion batteries, a new strategy for identifying detrimental metal impurities is proposed. In this work, inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) was used to study 12 metal impurities in NaPF6. The NaPF6 sample was dissolved

The application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for directly measuring coal particle flow is an optimal choice for the actual industrial operations. With the objective of facilitating the detection of particle flow, we established a LIBS detection system coupled with the coal particle circulation bench, which can continuously and automatically provide particle flow samples for laser

By laser induced plasma ablation and laser induced desorption methods was studied the release of deuterium atoms contained in 1 μm beryllium layers produced by thermionic vacuum arc technology combined with a plasma torch. For such purpose was used a 1053 nm nanosecond laser source with pulse duration of 10 ns, tuned in pulse energy and repetition rate, for reaching both laser induced plasma ablation

SF6 is extensively utilized in gas circuit breakers due to its superior arc-quenching capabilities. However, its strong greenhouse effect and relatively high liquefaction temperature have led to the adoption of buffering gases, such as CO2, in combination with SF6. Investigating the post-arc process in gas plasma is essential for assessing the arc-quenching performance of the gases and potential applications

This study presents an in-depth characterization of an intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) for low-light measurement, with a focus on identifying single-photon events in spectroscopic applications. The objective is to establish a foundation for using ICCDs in photon counting (PC), which offers advantages over conventional analog detector readout, as demonstrated in Part II of this study with laser-induced

This study explores the application of photon counting (PC) to enhance the resolution of spectra acquired by an intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) detector, with a focus on analytical atomic emission spectrometry using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) as a use-case example. It demonstrates that, for spectra obtained with the same spectrometer–ICCD system, PC provides higher spectral

In present work, nine previously unknown S I emission lines were observed and described in ICP, helium and argon dc arc plasma. The observations were performed in 910–970 nm spectral range via high-sensitive Ebert fiber-optic spectrometer with linear CMOS array detector with resolution 0.06 nm. Measurements of wavelengths were performed with 0.003 nm accuracy. The wavelengths and relative intensities

High-resolution spectroscopy of laser ablation plumes or laser-produced plasmas (LPPs) is valuable for various applications, including measuring crowded spectral features, determining spectroscopic constants, characterizing plasmas, and performing isotopic analysis. However, various line broadening mechanisms in plasmas limit its use for several applications. Here, we present the use of saturated absorption

We report 92 experimental values of transition probabilities and oscillator strengths for singly ionised xenon (Xe II) in the ultraviolet region (217–385 nm), 91 of which have been measured for the first time. The transition probabilities were obtained from the analysis of spectra emitted by a plasma in partial local thermodynamic equilibrium (pLTE) generated in a pulsed-discharge lamp. The resolving

Heavy metal pollution threatens human health and ecosystems, and countries have established strict standards for heavy metal content in water bodies. This paper presents a new method based on micro-hole array sprayed on solid substrate enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (MASSS-LIBS) technology and NELIBS, which enables high sensitivity and multi-element detection at the μg/L level. The method

This study validated a spectrometric method to determine the concentration of 8 elements such as chromium, manganese, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic and lead in water samples using total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF). Method validation was conducted to determine its linearity, precision, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), reproducibility and robustness using a certified

To calculate self-absorption in Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) using long-acquisition-time detectors (millisecond-range) it is necessary to account for the evolution of the plasma during the acquisition time and, consequently, the variation in the emitted spectral intensity. This study develops a model that accounts for temperature variations during the measurement period, assuming an

The process of magnesium ions transport through a membrane selective for Mg was studied using multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) techniques. A system with an ion-selective membrane containing a magnesium ionophore (ETH 5220), a lipophilic salt (potassium tetrakis(p-chlorophenyl)borate),

The impact of gating conditions, self-absorption effect and plasma temperature fluctuations on laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) signals distribution functions have been studied in detail since analysis accuracy (error of concentration determination) and sensitivity (limits of detection) are defined by the analytical signal distribution function type. It was demonstrated that both time-resolved

Sample processing is one of the key steps in the analysis by the Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF) method. However, the preparation of the sample itself for measurement can present many difficulties and introduce many errors visible in the measurement results. In this work, we have attempted to verify whether, in the case of biological specimens, such an effect can be caused by the applied

Barium (Ba) isotopes have been developed as a valuable tracer for chemical weathering, marine biogeochemical processes, and riverine Ba input to the ocean. To facilitate inter-laboratory data comparisons, it is essential to measure Ba isotope ratios of widely available reference materials. We presented 21 geological reference materials, most of which are new stream sediment Ba isotope reference materials

The inhomogeneous matrix of flame has distinct effects on signal uncertainty of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) which hindered quantitative equivalence ratio measurement across the entire combustion field. The spectral signal uncertainty in different flame regions, including low-temperature premixed reactants and high-temperature products, were analyzed respectively. Using time-resolved

Not only Helium and Argon but also Neon, Krypton, and Xenon can be used as plasma gas for a discharge applied for soft ionization with similar ionization efficiency, although it is clear that each of the excited and even ionized states of Xe is lower than the ion energy of N2+ or H3O+. In this work, the discharge behavior of these plasmas both inside and outside of the capillary was investigated to

Accurate detection of heavy metals is crucial for ensuring water safety. However, the impact of sample preparation non-uniformity and different scanning strategies on liquid-solid Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) detection has not been fully explored. This study comprehensively analyzes how various solute distribution characteristics, such as solute area, shape, and uniformity, as well as

Elemental analysis of atmospheric particulate matter is crucial for air-pollution research. However, the dispersed nature of these particles can lead to variations in the laser-focusing positions, which cause fluctuations in the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy spectral data. In this study, a transfer-learning approach called transfer component analysis (TCA) is introduced to reduce the impact

This work proposed a novel method to determine trace levels of Cd in tumorous stem mustard (TSM) using inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS). In the MS/MS mode, N2O was used as a reaction gas to eliminate spectral interference and optimize the analysis conditions. The accuracy and precision of the proposed method were evaluated by analysis of spinach leaves (SRM 1570a) as

Monitoring uranium content in the resin within adsorption columns is critical in the in-situ leaching (ISL) uranium extraction process, as it indicates when the resin requires replacement. This study employs total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) analysis with typical ISL leaching solutions to prepare samples for quantitative uranium analysis in resin. The study evaluates how leaching solution

Double pulse-laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (DP-LIBS) is one of the most widely adopted variants of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for rapid elemental analysis. DP-LIBS is an effective way of improving the emission line intensities and increasing the analytical capabilities of conventional LIBS. We comprehensively overviewed different aspects of DP-LIBS from fundaments to applications.

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) has emerged as a powerful analytical tool capable of providing multi-elemental information from a single laser pulse with minimal sample preparation. This technique generates a laser-induced, transient plasma on the sample surface, whose spectral emission is analyzed to determine its elemental composition. μLIBS-Imaging, a variant offering spatially resolved

The behavior of the atomic emission spectra in alternating electric fields is studied in the unified theoretical approach based on numerical solution of the non-stationary Schrödinger equation. The developed approach implemented in the StarkD software package is free from limitations of perturbation theory. Based on the results of calculations, regularities in the behavior of the energy spectrum, the

The present study compares numerical simulations carried out by two Monte Carlo codes, the Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) and the XRMC, of Energy Dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) excited in liquid and metallic samples. The results are validated by measurements with a laboratory-made equipment, consisting of a mini X-ray tube (Moxtek, Inc., 4 W, Ag target) and a Si PIN detector model X123 (Amptek

In this work, we present an ordered substrate obtained by the vertical deposition of SiO2 microspheres coated with a gold layer to increase the sensitivity of the Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) method for analysis of TiO2 nanoparticles. Plasmonic-ordered-structure-enhanced-LIBS method (POSELIBS) provides enhancement due to localized surface plasmon resonance of an ordered substrate.

Nanoparticle-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (NELIBS) has shown great potential in improving the sensitivity of normal LIBS. However, the coffee-ring effect (CRE), often encountered when using the dry droplet method (DDM), may affect the accuracy of NELIBS measurements on bioliquid samples. In this paper, evaluation of the CRE of serum and silver nanoparticle (Ag NPs) mixture drop stains

Doppler spectroscopy of the Hα line is used for the study of fast hydrogen atoms created in a novel gas discharge source operating at lower pressure in hydrogen-containing gas mixtures. The discharge is formed around the rod shaped cathode in pulsed high voltage regime with the possibility to change pulse width, duty cycle and electric parameters. The cathodes made of copper, stainless steel, aluminum

Traditionally, calorific value detection has relied on laboratory methods, with a notable lack of rapid techniques for industrial applications. This paper proposes using EDXRF for the quick determination of calorific values, demonstrated through a case study on leaching slag and coke mixtures from zinc smelting. The investigation focuses on detecting calorific values in complex solid materials via

When analyzing rare earth elements in uranium polymetallic ores using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), issues such as spectral interference and overlap significantly reduce the accuracy of elemental analysis. A multi-task convolutional neural network (CNN) model based on an uncertainty-weighted loss function is developed, with raw LIBS spectral data as the input. Conduct experiments using

This study evaluated the matrix effect of acid solutions on the nitrogen microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometry (N2-MIP-OES) sensitivity of 24 elements. A model solution of 0.2 % nitric acid was used to compare the element's emission line sensitivity in nitric (1.0 %, and 5.0 %, v v−1), sulfuric (0.2 % and 1 %), hydrochloric, formic, and acetic acid solutions (0.2 %, 1.0 %, and 5.0 %

The versatility of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) resulting from its advantageous analytical characteristics is, unfortunately, still limited by challenges inherent to the fundamental principles of the method – the processes of laser ablation and laser-induced plasma generation. Unwanted effects (generally known as matrix effects) significantly decrease the analytical performance of LIBS

High-resolution tunable laser spectroscopy is used to measure time-resolved absorption spectra for ten neutral uranium transitions and six singly-ionized transitions in a laser produced plasma. Spectral lineshapes are analyzed to determine temporal variations in ion and neutral total column densities, excitation temperatures, kinetic temperatures, and collisional broadening effects as the plasma cools

In order to improve the analytical performance of surface-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (SENLIBS) on the elemental analysis of liquid samples, a 20 μm cylindric rod periodic micro-structure with 20 μm rod diameter, 15 μm rod height and 40 μm periodic length was successfully duplicated on the surface of a nickel substrate using electroplating method. The presence of periodic micro-structure

In this study we present results showing the elemental composition of diagenetic coatings on foraminiferal tests by total-reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) within N. pachyderma diagenetic shells from the Holocene sediments in the Okhotsk Sea. The method includes direct deposition of individual foraminifera of micro-size on the quartz carrier and digestion by 2 N nitric acid on it. The investigation

The detection of vacuum level using laser-induced plasma shows a great potential for safe and reliable online monitoring of vacuum level on vacuum interrupter. However, traditional methods often rely on a single type of plasma signal (spectra or image), which leads to relatively low accuracy. To tackle it, this paper employs ensemble learning to fuse plasma spectra and images to construct a regression

The applicability of a high sensitivity cone combination (Jet sample and X skimmer cones; hereafter “Jet/X”) for high-precision measurements of Sr isotope ratios was evaluated via a Neptune Plus multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) system (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.) under wet plasma conditions. Although Jet/X has effectively achieved highly precise and sensitive

Double excitation is an established concept in Total-Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis (TXRF) and one of the key advantages of TXRF over common XRF methods. It is realized by setting the incident angle of the excitation beam to an angle below the critical angle of total reflection of the reflector material (e.g. Si wafers or quartz glass), external total reflection can take place. Consequently

Four different separation protocols were tested to analyze several cations in a U-Pu matrix by inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) or mass spectrometry (ICP-MS): UTEVA resin with HNO3 eluent, UTEVA resin with HNO3/H2C2O4 eluent, UTEVA resin with HNO3/H2O2 eluent and TEVA resin with HNO3 eluent. It was shown that none of the twenty nine tested cations (Al, Ag, B, Ca

Soldering is a critical operation in various industrial sectors, however, the pollution generated by this process is emerging as a significant environmental concern. This study utilizes Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for real-time analysis of contaminants produced during soldering, with a particular focus on heavy metals such as lead (Pb) and tin (Sn). The research examines the elemental

We present a new setup for the online elemental characterization of nanoaerosols during their gas-phase synthesis using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). This system involves the interaction of a kHz rate pulsed laser with a collimated jet of particles under vacuum conditions (10−2 mbar). The low-pressure interaction reduces spectral line broadening, enhances spectral resolution, and eliminates

Permanent magnets containing strategic rare earth elements (REE) such as Nd, Pr or Dy are being used more and more around the world, and their recycling is becoming a major stake in a context of virtual monopoly of China on the production of REEs. This paper addresses the sorting of solid used NdFeB magnets upstream of a recycling process. Dysprosium was chosen as representative of heavy REEs, and

To realize fusion energy in the near future, tritium self-sufficiency is an essential technology in the deuterium-tritium (2H3H) fuel cycle. Thus, high 6‑lithium (6Li) isotope enrichment is desirable to improve the performance of the fusion plant. Additionally, a fast and reliable analysis method for measuring the abundance of Li isotopes is also essential. A novel isotope analysis technique for liquid

In this work, a novel method for sensitive detecting heavy metal Pb (II) in aquatic products was developed using UiO-66-NH2@tannic acid (UiO-66-NH2@TA) solid-phase extraction combined with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). UiO-66-NH2@TA adsorbent could effectively extract Pb (II) from the digestive solution of aquatic products. Characterization of the morphology of the adsorbent was performed

The radionuclide 107Pd is a long-lived fission product that decays to 107Ag by β− emission. The accurate quantification of the 107Pd content in nuclear waste is essential in compliance with international regulations on the long-term storage of radioactive waste. Moreover, fission-produced Pd holds an economic interest through its recycling for industrial purposes. The accurate quantification of 107Pd

Resonance Ionization Spectrometry (RIS) is a highly sensitive analytical technique that utilizes differences in atomic structure between isotopes to achieve isotope selectivity. In recent years, multi-step resonance transitions have been developed to excite target isotopes from the ground state to high Rydberg states, simultaneously enhancing isotope selectivity and ionization efficiency, thereby improving

The development of multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) technology has brought significant advancements for in situ Rubidium‑strontium (Rb-Sr) geochronology, coupled with a laser ablation system (LA). This study investigates the potential of high-precision in situ Rb-Sr dating by the Neoma MS/MS instrument, using both solution