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Does urban form affect urban NO2? Satellite-based evidence for more than 1,200 cities
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 11.3 ) Pub Date : 2017-09-12 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01194 Matthew J. Bechle 1 , Dylan B. Millet 2 , Julian D. Marshall 1
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 11.3 ) Pub Date : 2017-09-12 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01194 Matthew J. Bechle 1 , Dylan B. Millet 2 , Julian D. Marshall 1
Affiliation
Evidence suggests urban form can affect motor vehicle usage, a major contributor to urban air pollution. Therefore, modifying urban form may be a strategy to mitigate urban air pollution. We use satellite-based measurements of urban form and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to explore the effect of urban form on air pollution for a global data set of 1,274 cities. Three of the urban form metrics studied (contiguity, circularity, and vegetation) have a statistically significant effect on urban NO2; their combined effect could be substantial. For example, if Christchurch, New Zealand (a city at the 75th percentile for all three urban-form metrics, and with a network of buses, trams, and bicycle facilities) was transformed to match the urban form of Indio-Cathedral City, USA (a city at the 25th percentile for those same metrics, and exhibiting sprawl-like suburban development), our models suggest that Christchurch's NO2 concentrations would be ~60% higher than its current level. We also find that the combined effect of urban form on NO2 is larger for small cities (β × IQR = -0.46 for cities < ~300,000 people, versus -0.22 for all cities), an important finding given cities less than 500,000 people contain a majority of the urban population and are where much of the future urban growth is expected to occur. This work highlights the need for future study of how changes in urban form and related land use and transportation policies impact urban air pollution in small cities.
更新日期：2017-09-12
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