3D printing has revolutionized the development of flexible pressure sensors by enabling the precise fabrication of diverse microstructures that significantly enhance sensor performance. These advancements have substantially improved key attributes such as sensitivity, response time, and durability, facilitating applications in wearable electronics, robotics, and human–machine interfaces. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the sensing mechanisms of these sensors, emphasizing the role of microstructures, such as micro‐patterned, microporous, and hierarchical designs, in optimizing performance. The advantages of 3D printing techniques, including direct and indirect fabrication methods, in the creation of complex microstructures with high precision and adaptability are highlighted. Specific applications, including human physiological signal monitoring, motion detection, soft robotics, and emerging applications, are explored to demonstrate the versatility of these sensors. Additionally, this review briefly discusses key challenges, such as material compatibility, optimization difficulties, and environmental stability, as well as emerging trends, such as the integration of advanced technologies, innovative designs, and multidimensional sensing as promising avenues for future advancements. By summarizing recent progress and identifying opportunities for innovation, this review provides critical insights into bridging the gap between research and real‐world applications, helping to accelerate the evolution of flexible pressure sensors with sophisticated 3D‐printed microstructures.

中文翻译：

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通过 3D 打印微结构增强的柔性压力传感器

3D 打印能够精确制造各种微结构，显著提高传感器性能，从而彻底改变了柔性压力传感器的开发。这些进步大大提高了灵敏度、响应时间和耐用性等关键属性，促进了可穿戴电子产品、机器人和人机界面的应用。本文对这些传感器的传感机制进行了全面分析，强调了微结构（如微图案、微孔和分层设计）在优化性能中的作用。强调了 3D 打印技术（包括直接和间接制造方法）在创建具有高精度和适应性的复杂微观结构方面的优势。本文探讨了具体应用，包括人体生理信号监测、运动检测、软机器人和新兴应用，以展示这些传感器的多功能性。此外，本文还简要讨论了材料兼容性、优化难度和环境稳定性等关键挑战，以及先进技术、创新设计和多维传感的整合等新兴趋势，这些都是未来发展的有前途的途径。通过总结最近的进展和确定创新机会，这篇综述为弥合研究与实际应用之间的差距提供了重要见解，有助于加速具有复杂 3D 打印微结构的柔性压力传感器的发展。