Potential threats that silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) pose to bacterial communities in estuarine environments have become a subject of intensifying global interest. Herein, eight water samples were collected from various estuarine sites. They were characterized by a wide array of distinct physicochemical properties, including pH, salinity, conductivity, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS). Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) were exposed to Ag NPs at a series of concentrations in these water samples. Subsequently, the growth curves of the surviving bacterial cells were measured using an electronic microbial growth analyzer to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Ag NPs against V. parahaemolyticus. The results revealed a remarkable variation in the MICs, with values ranging from 12.0 mg L⁻¹ to >48.0 mg L⁻¹. A comprehensive analysis indicated that there were no clear and definitive relationships between the MIC and individual physicochemical parameters such as pH, salinity, conductivity, turbidity, COD and TSS. Instead, the adverse effect of Ag NPs on V. parahaemolyticus depended on the combination of these factors. In contrast, the MIC of Ag NPs against V. parahaemolyticus in physiological saline, a commonly used simple laboratory medium, was determined to be 6.0 mg L⁻¹, which was significantly lower compared to those observed in the estuarine water samples. Therefore, when assessing the ecotoxicity of Ag NPs in actual estuarine scenarios, it is essential to rely on the antimicrobial data collected directly from realistic environmental matrices, rather than relying on data obtained from simple laboratory media or so-called representative water samples.

中文翻译：

---

银纳米颗粒对不同河口水样中副溶血性弧菌的影响明显不同


纳米银颗粒 （Ag NPs） 对河口环境中的细菌群落构成的潜在威胁已成为全球日益关注的话题。在此，从各个河口地点收集了 8 个水样。它们的特征是具有多种不同的物理化学性质，包括 pH 值、盐度、电导率、浊度、化学需氧量 （COD） 和总悬浮固体 （TSS）。在这些水样中，副溶血性弧菌 （V. parahaemolyticus） 暴露于一系列浓度的 Ag NPs。随后，使用电子微生物生长分析仪测量存活细菌细胞的生长曲线，以确定 Ag NPs 对副溶血性弧菌的最低抑制浓度 （MIC）。结果显示 MIC 存在显着变化，值范围为 12.0 mg ^L-1 至 >48.0 mg ^L-1。综合分析表明，MIC 与 pH 值、盐度、电导率、浊度、COD 和 TSS 等单个物理化学参数之间没有明确和明确的关系。相反，Ag NPs 对副溶血性弧菌的不利影响取决于这些因素的组合。相比之下，在生理盐水（一种常用的简单实验室培养基）中，Ag NPs 对副溶血弧菌的 MIC 被确定为 6.0 mg ^L-1，与在河口水样中观察到的相比，这显着降低。 因此，在实际河口情景中评估 Ag NPs 的生态毒性时，必须依赖直接从实际环境基质中收集的抗菌数据，而不是依赖从简单的实验室介质或所谓的代表性水样中获得的数据。