Datura stramonium is a well-known cosmopolitan weed known by several common names: thorn apple (due to the appearance of its fruits), Angelʼs trumpet (linked to its flowers), loco seed (referring to the hallucinogenic properties of its seeds), jimson weed (originating from the first recorded poisoning involving this plant), and apple of Peru (indicating the plantʼs origin). All parts of the plant contain the tropane alkaloids hyoscyamine, scopolamine, and atropine together with several minor alkaloids, which cause poisoning such as typical anticholinergic syndrome with neuropsychiatric effects. A review of 114 papers from various databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar) revealed that poisoning incidents involving this plant have been relatively common from 2001 to 2024. The analysis indicated that all cases of poisoning from D. stramonium can be categorized into two main groups: accidental and misuse. Accidental poisonings are primarily linked to the contamination of other crops in the field, leading to mass poisoning of humans and animals. They can also result from misidentifying the plant as another edible species, childrenʼs curiosity, and self-medication. On the other hand, misuse is typically associated with recreational drug use, suicide attempts, criminal activities, and magico-religious practices. To prevent poisoning from this plant, it is essential to eliminate the weed from fields, yards, gardens, and other disturbed areas. Additionally, it is important to educate the general public about the plantʼs appearance and the dangers associated with its consumption, particularly in the context of self-medication and recreational drug use.

中文翻译：

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曼陀罗 – 一种危险的杂草和替代滥用药物：21 世纪中毒案例概述

曼陀罗 stramonium 是一种著名的世界性杂草，有几个俗名：刺苹果（由于其果实的外观）、天使喇叭（与它的花朵有关）、本地种子（指其种子的致幻特性）、吉姆森杂草（起源于第一次记录的涉及该植物的中毒）和秘鲁苹果（表明该植物的起源）。植物的所有部分都含有莨菪烷生物碱、东莨菪碱和阿托品以及几种次要生物碱，这些生物碱会引起中毒，例如具有神经精神作用的典型抗胆碱能综合征。对来自各种数据库（Scopus、Web of Science、PubMed 和 Google Scholar）的 114 篇论文的审查显示，从 2001 年到 2024 年，涉及这种植物的中毒事件相对常见。分析表明，所有由 D. stramonium 引起的中毒病例可分为两大类：意外和误用。意外中毒主要与田间其他作物的污染有关，导致人类和动物大规模中毒。它们也可能是由于将植物误认为另一种可食用物种、儿童的好奇心和自我用药造成的。另一方面，滥用通常与娱乐性药物使用、自杀未遂、犯罪活动和魔法宗教活动有关。为了防止这种植物中毒，必须清除田地、院子、花园和其他受干扰区域的杂草。此外，教育公众了解植物的外观和与食用相关的危险也很重要，尤其是在自我用药和娱乐性药物使用的情况下。