Alzheimerʼs disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by tau protein hyperphosphorylation and neurofibrillary tangle formation, which are central to its pathogenesis. This review focuses on the therapeutic potential of natural products in targeting tau phosphorylation, a key factor in Alzheimerʼs disease progression. It comprehensively summarizes current research on various natural compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, polysaccharides, phenols, phenylpropanoids, and terpenoids, highlighting their multitarget mechanisms, such as modulating kinases and phosphatases. The ability of these compounds to mitigate oxidative stress, inflammation, and tau pathology while enhancing cognitive function underscores their value as potential anti-Alzheimerʼs disease therapeutics. By integrating recent advances in extraction methods, pharmacological studies, and artificial intelligence-driven screening technologies, this review provides a valuable reference for future research and development of natural product-based interventions for Alzheimerʼs disease.

中文翻译：

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靶向 tau 蛋白磷酸化的天然产物：阿尔茨海默病的一条有前途的治疗途径

阿尔茨海默病是一种进行性神经退行性疾病，其特征是 tau 蛋白过度磷酸化和神经原纤维缠结形成，这是其发病机制的核心。本综述重点介绍天然产物在靶向 tau 磷酸化方面的治疗潜力，tau 磷酸化是阿尔茨海默病进展的关键因素。它全面总结了目前对各种天然化合物的研究，包括黄酮类、生物碱、皂苷、多糖、酚类、苯丙烷类和萜类化合物，强调了它们的多靶点机制，如调节激酶和磷酸酶。这些化合物在增强认知功能的同时减轻氧化应激、炎症和 tau 病理的能力强调了它们作为潜在的抗阿尔茨海默病疗法的价值。通过整合提取方法、药理学研究和人工智能驱动的筛查技术的最新进展，本文为未来基于自然产物的阿尔茨海默病干预措施的研究和开发提供了有价值的参考。