Plants from the Rhus genus are renowned for their medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory effects; however, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain poorly understood. This systematic review, conducted following PRISMA guidelines, evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of Rhus plants and explored their potential pharmacological mechanisms. A total of 35 articles were included, with the majority demonstrating a low-risk bias, as assessed using the SYRCLE tool. Rhus verniciflua, Rhus chinensis, Rhus coriaria, Rhus succedanea, Rhus tripartite, Rhus crenata, and Rhus trilobata were analyzed in the reviewed articles. In vitro studies consistently demonstrated the ability of Rhus plants to reduce key inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. In vivo studies confirmed these effects in murine models of inflammation, with doses mostly of 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight, with no reports of toxicity. Fifty-four distinct inflammatory mediators were assessed in vivo; no pattern of mediators was identified that could elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the action of Rhus in acute or chronic inflammation. The clinical trial reported anti-inflammatory effects in humans at 1000 mg/kg for 6 weeks. The review data on the Rhus-mediated reduction in inflammatory mediators were integrated and visualized using the Reactome bioinformatics database, which suggested that the mechanism of action of Rhus involves the inhibition of inflammasome signaling. These findings support the potential of Rhus plants as a basis for developing anti-inflammatory therapies. Further research is needed to optimize dosage regimens and fully explore their pharmacological applications.

中文翻译：

---

Rhus 属植物的抗炎潜力：体外和体内炎症介质的减少 – 系统评价

Rhus 属植物以其药用特性而闻名，包括抗炎作用;然而，这些影响背后的机制仍然知之甚少。本系统评价遵循 PRISMA 指南进行，评估了 Rhus 植物的抗炎作用并探讨了其潜在的药理机制。共纳入 35 篇文章，使用 SYRCLE 工具评估的大多数文章表现出低风险偏倚。在综述文章中对 Rhus verniciflua、Rhus chinensis、Rhus coriaria、Rhus succedanea、Rhus tripartite、Rhus crenata 和 Rhus trilobata 进行了分析。体外研究一致证明 Rhus 植物能够减少关键的炎症介质，如 TNF-α、IL-1β 和 IL-6。体内研究在小鼠炎症模型中证实了这些影响，剂量大多为 400 和 800 mg/kg 体重，没有毒性报告。在体内评估了 54 种不同的炎症介质;没有确定可以阐明 Rhus 在急性或慢性炎症中作用的抗炎机制的介质模式。临床试验报道了 1000 mg/kg 对人体的抗炎作用，持续 6 周。使用 Reactome 生物信息学数据库整合和可视化关于 Rhus 介导的炎症介质减少的综述数据，这表明 Rhus 的作用机制涉及抑制炎性小体信号传导。这些发现支持 Rhus 植物作为开发抗炎疗法基础的潜力。需要进一步的研究来优化剂量方案并充分探索其药理学应用。